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The U.S. Department of Defense's previous collaboration with the AI giant Anthropic ultimately failed, triggering strong chain reactions. Subsequently, the U.S. government, for the first time, listed this AI company as a supply chain risk, causing a huge uproar in the national technology and political fields.
According to reports, the core reason for the breakdown of the cooperation was that Anthropic refused to remove its safety safeguards. The company insisted on retaining these restrictions to prevent the military from using AI models for large-scale domestic surveillance or fully autonomous weapons without human intervention.
Military Turns to Other Giants and Congress Urges Legislation
After the collaboration with Anthropic ended, the Pentagon quickly turned to other major AI companies and signed contracts with them. These include OpenAI, Google, NVIDIA, Microsoft, and Amazon, leading to increased social concerns about the deployment of military AI.
In response to this major development, several Democratic lawmakers, led by Senator Adam Schiff from California, urgently introduced a series of bills. The latest "HALO Act" explicitly requires that human commanders must have the final say before any action is taken by autonomous weapon systems.
Strengthening Human Control and Preventing Technological Risks
The bill also mandates detailed documentation of military decision-making and target selection processes for post-event review and strictly prohibits the misuse of AI in nuclear weapon deployment and mass surveillance. Lawmakers emphasized that it is essential to ensure that the U.S. military's use of AI complies with national security and privacy principles, keeping technology always under human control.
However, experts have also warned that technology itself is not perfect, and users are prone to "automation bias," blindly trusting AI judgments. Combined with the opacity of AI system decision-making processes, even with supervision, the deployment of military AI could still lead to serious fatal errors.